Comparing Low-Level Laser and Muscle Energy Techniques in Diabetic Frozen Shoulder

Inclusion Criteria

• •Eligible participants were male and female individuals aged 18 to 65 years with a verified diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus and clinical manifestations of frozen shoulder for at least three months. The diagnosis was determined by limited glenohumeral joint mobility, characterised by a decrease of ≥20° in a minimum of three active movements: flexion \<144°, abduction \<120°, and external rotation \<72°. Cases of both unilateral and bilateral nature were incorporated.