Effects of Prayer on Pain Thresholds and Scores of Anxiety and Depression in Participants With and Without Migraine

Pressure pain threshold (PPT) was assessed using a digital hand-held algometer. Pressure was progressively applied to eight craniofacial sites, and participants indicated the point at which the pressure sensation first became painful. Measurements were expressed in kilopascals (kPa). The eight-site assessment was used to characterize cephalic pressure pain sensitivity across multiple craniofacial regions rather than relying on a single measurement site.