Relationship Between Central Sensitization Levels and Treatment Outcomes in Frozen Shoulder Treatment

Exclusion Criteria

• •Having bilateral shoulder pain
• •Patients with incomplete study data
• •Having cervical radiculopathy
• •Having a predominant central sensitization syndrome (such as fibromyalgia, chronic fatigue syndrome)
• •Patients taking antidepressants or anticonvulsants that may affect central sensitization
• •Having a history of rheumatological disease
• •Having a history of active malignancy
• •Patients receiving treatment for active psychiatric disorders
• •Having a history of trauma and/or surgery in the same shoulder region
• •Patients who received local shoulder injections and/or physical therapy within the last 3 months
• •Patients with calcific tendonitis, glenohumeral osteoarthritis, or acromioclavicular joint osteoarthritis on plain radiographs
• •Having a full-thickness rotator cuff tear on shoulder ultrasound