Sleep Characteristics in Infants With Joint Hypermobility

Ligamentous laxity and the resulting joint hypermobility are present in various conditions affecting children, such as Marfan syndrome and Ehlers-Danlos syndrome. However, in most cases, joint hypermobility is a limited condition referred to as Generalized Joint Hypermobility (GJH). GJH is defined as asymptomatic hypermobility in more than five joints. The Beighton Scoring (BS) system is commonly used to distinguish individuals with generalized joint hypermobility from those without. The BS system includes the following assessments: passive dorsiflexion of the fifth metacarpophalangeal joint, passive hyperextension of the elbow, passive hyperextension of the knee, passive apposition of the thumb to the flexor aspect of the forearm, and forward flexion of the trunk. In children older than five years, a cut-off score of ≥6 is used to diagnose GJH. In adults up to 50 years of age, a score of ≥5 out of 9 indicates GJH, while a score of ≥4 out of 9 is considered positive for GJH in adults over 50 years. Joint hypermobility can cause stability issues in the musculoskeletal system due to connective tissue laxity. This can trigger problems such as discomfort, restlessness, and difficulty finding a position, especially during sleep. Sleep disruptions due to nighttime restlessness or frequent position changes may also occur. Furthermore, most studies on joint hypermobility in the literature primarily involve adults. Early developmental assessments are crucial for preventing developmental delays that may emerge later in life.