Age

18–any

Sex

ALL

Healthy volunteers

Not accepted

Solitary kidney;
Preoperative diagnosis of chronic kidney disease stages G4 or G5 (GFR \<30 mL/min/1.73m²);
Tumor invasion of the vena cava requiring thrombectomy;
Other conditions deemed by the investigator as unsuitable for participation in this study.

Novel Biomarkers and Postoperative Kidney Injury in Radical Nephrectomy