Serum Testosterone Level on Angiographic Complexity of Coronary Lesions in Premature Ischemic Egyptian Males

This study aims to investigate the association between serum testosterone levels and the angiographic complexity of coronary artery lesions in male patients under 45 years of age presenting with premature ischemic heart disease.

Coronary artery disease (CAD) remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. While traditionally associated with older populations, there is a growing incidence of premature CAD. Testosterone, the primary male sex hormone, exerts various physiological effects beyond its role in reproductive function. It influences muscle mass, fat distribution, insulin sensitivity, and vascular tone. Low testosterone levels have been associated with adverse metabolic profiles, including increased adiposity, dyslipidemia, and insulin resistance, all of which are established risk factors for atherosclerosis. Furthermore, testosterone deficiency has been linked to endothelial dysfunction, a critical early event in the development of atherosclerotic plaques.