An Exploratory Preliminary Study on the Effect of Combined Transcranial Photobiomodulation(tPBM)-Transauricular Vagus Nerve Stimulation(taVNS) on Alcohol Craving and Neurophysiological Marker in Drinkers (in South Korea)

Exclusion Criteria

• •1. Individuals who cannot read or understand the informed consent (e.g., illiterate individuals, non-Korean speakers).
• •2. Individuals with impaired decision-making capacity.
• •3. Pregnant women.
• •4. Vulnerable populations, including individuals employed by or under the supervision of the research institution, investigators, or sponsors (e.g., employees, students, military personnel).
• •5. Individuals unable to comply with the 5-week stimulation protocol.
• •6. Individuals diagnosed with alcohol use disorder according to DSM-5 criteria.
• •7. Individuals diagnosed with a substance use disorder other than alcohol or nicotine.
• •8. Individuals with metal allergies that may interfere with EEG or stimulation devices.