Korea VHD Echo Study: Surveillance of Aortic, Mitral & Tricuspid Patients - Insights From Real-world Practice

This is a multicenter, retrospective observational study conducted using data from January 1, 2010 to December 31, 2020. The study will include adult patients (≥18 years old) who underwent at least two transthoracic echocardiograms during the study period. Eligible patients will be identified consecutively from each participating institution's echocardiographic and EMR databases. Patients with moderate or severe valvular heart disease (VHD), as defined by guideline-based echocardiographic criteria, will be included in the final analysis. Patients with congenital heart disease, previous valve surgery at baseline, or incomplete clinical or imaging data will be excluded. The data collected will include demographics, comorbidities, echocardiographic parameters, and clinical outcomes such as mortality and treatment interventions. Particular attention will be paid to disease severity at baseline, rate of progression (from mild to severe), and time to treatment. Treatment patterns, including referral to surgery or transcatheter valve interventions (e.g., TAVI), will also be explored. Sampling will follow a non-probability, consecutive patient sampling approach, as patients are retrospectively identified based on predefined eligibility criteria. The final sample size is estimated based on precedent data from a previous Korean VHD study that included \~4,000 patients over a 2-month period across 45 centers. Given the 10-year study duration and the number of participating institutions, a larger and more comprehensive sample is expected in this study.