COMBO Endoscopy Oropharyngeal Airway in Sedated Fiberoptic Bronchoscopy for Patients: A Simon Two-Stage Trial

Exclusion Criteria

• •Patients with contraindications to oropharyngeal airway ventilation, such as coagulation disorders, predisposition to oral/nasal bleeding, mucosal damage, or anatomical obstructions hindering oropharyngeal airway placement.
• •Patients diagnosed with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or those currently suffering from other acute/chronic pulmonary conditions requiring long-term or intermittent oxygen therapy.
• •Patients with preoperative SpO₂ \< 95% while breathing air.
• •Patients with BMI \< 18.5 or BMI \> 30.
• •Patients with upper respiratory tract infections (oral, nasal, or pharyngeal).
• •Patients at risk of aspiration.
• •Patients with fever (core temperature \> 37.5°C).
• •Patients with severe cardiac insufficiency (\< 4 METs).
• •Patients with severe renal insufficiency requiring preoperative dialysis.
• •Patients with a confirmed diagnosis of hepatic insufficiency.
• •Patients with increased intracranial pressure.
• •Patients with hypersensitivity to sedatives like propofol or medical equipment such as adhesive tape.
• •Patients with a history of drug abuse and/or alcoholism within the two years preceding the commencement of the screening period (defined as drinking more than three standard alcoholic beverages daily, roughly equivalent to 10g of alcohol or 50g of Chinese Baijiu).
• •Patients with a history of mental and neurological disorders, including but not limited to depression, severe central nervous system depression, Parkinson's disease, basal ganglia lesions, schizophrenia, epilepsy, Alzheimer's disease, and myasthenia gravis.
• •Patients currently participating in other clinical trials.
• •Patients deemed ineligible for participation in this clinical trial by the researchers.