Investigating the Digestibility, Bioavailability and Utilisation of Varied Combined Protein Sources in Older Males Using a Dual Stable Isotope Tracer Technique

Exclusion Criteria

• •A BMI \<18 or \>32 kg·m-2
• •Active cardiovascular disease: uncontrolled hypertension (BP \> 160/100), angina, heart failure (class III/IV), arrhythmia, right to left cardiac shunt or recent cardiac event
• •Cerebrovascular disease: previous stroke, aneurysm (large vessel or intracranial)
• •Respiratory disease including pulmonary hypertension or COPD
• •Metabolic disease: hyper and hypo parathyroidism, untreated hyper and hypothyroidism, Cushing's disease, types 1 or 2 diabetes (treated and untreated), inborn/ congenital errors of metabolism (e.g. PKU, galactosaemia)
• •Active inflammatory bowel disease
• •Acute infection
• •Acute or chronic renal disease
• •Malignancy (or history of malignancy with 5 y)
• •Recent steroid treatment (within 6 mo), or hormone replacement therapy
• •Coagulopathy
• •Musculoskeletal or neurological disorders
• •Known allergies to any of the product ingredients