Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria Inclusion Criteria
• Patient meeting the indication and area of application of the PLD device as described in the IFU.
The Occlutech® PLD is indicated for patients with a significant leak that causes hemodynamically significant heart failure or hemolysis which requires recurrent blood transfusions. It is further indicated for patients who are deemed at high risk for surgery or as an alternative to surgery after heart team evaluation including the surgeon.
* Male of female patients
* Patients of age ≥ 18 years
* Patients understanding the nature of the study and providing their informed consent to participation
* Patients willing and able to attend the follow-up visits and procedures foreseen by study CIP Exclusion Criteria
Contraindications as described in the IFU:
* Acute infection or any serious infection 1 month prior to procedure
* Adequate oral anti-coagulation therapy / platelet inhibition is not possible post-intervention
* Allergies to nickel and/or titanium and/or nickel/titanium-based materials Intolerance to contrast agents
* Known coagulation disorder
* Known intra-cardiac thrombus
* Recent pelvic venous thrombosis
* Recent myocardial infarction or a surgical bypass operation in the last 30 days NOTE: a positive result to a pregnancy test necessitates the exclusion of the subject from the registry. Study procedures Data will be collected using electronic case report forms (eCRF). Data collection will be based on clinical routine. Invasive assessments are optional and left to the discretion of the investigator.
NOTE: follow-up visits should be performed within the time windows as stated in Table 1.
Baseline data Patient's condition to qualify for this registry (refer to inclusion/exclusion criteria), date of informed consent. Demographics (age, gender) Medical history Relevant concomitant medication (name of medication, reason, dose, dose form, route of administration, frequency, start and date) Physical examination and vital signs (weight, height, NYHA Class, systolic/diastolic blood pressure, pulse rate, pregnancy test for female patients with childbearing potential) TTE/TEE/RT-2D/3D TEE (represents the best tool to assess the following parameters: number and position of the leaks, assessment of defect shape and size, regurgitation grade, LVEF, regurgitant volumes and fraction, VC, PHT, EDV, EROA) If needed for evaluation Multidetector Computed Tomography Angiography (MDCTA) / Cardiac Magnetic Resonance (CMR) Angiography (optional) (number and position of the leaks, assessment of defect shape and size, regurgitation grade, LVEF, regurgitant volumes and fraction) Electrocardiography (heart rate, sinus rhythm, atrial fibrillation, other arrhythmias) QoL Assessment Laboratory data (hematocrit, hemoglobin, LDH, iron, transferrine, ferritine, GFR, creatinine, urea, NT-proBNP), Number of hemolysis related blood transfusions Assessment and documentation of any new adverse events that may have occurred before implantation. Implantation / Post-procedure (Day 0) Device size and identification data (device reference number REF, device serial number SN, used accessory, accessory medical device serial number SN, accessory medical device reference number REF if there is more than one PVL, it's possible to implant devices following assessment should be performed accordingly) Implantation procedure (date, procedure-related complications, number of attempts for PVL(s) closure, duration, success/failure, type of echocardiography, fluoroscopy time, radiation dose) Assessment and documentation of any new or updated adverse events or adverse device effects that may have occurred after implantation and before discharge. Practitioner's Questionnaire for each accessory medical device used during the implantation will.be completed by Investigator (if applicable) Relevant concomitant medication (name of medication, reason, dose, dose form, route of administration, frequency, start and date) Follow-Up(1) at Day 1-7, Follow-Up(2) at 30 days (±15 days) , Follow-Up(3) at 6 months to 1 year (±3 months), Follow-Up(4) 1 - 2 years (±3 months), Follow- Up(5) 2-3 years (±3 months) after the procedure Physical examination and vital signs (weight, NYHA Class, systolic/diastolic blood pressure, pulse rate) TTE/TEE/RT-2D/3D TEE (represents the best tool to assess the following parameters: number and position of the leaks, assessment of defect shape and size, regurgitation grade, LVEF, regurgitant volumes and fraction, VC, PHT, EDV, EROA) If needed for evaluation If needed for evaluation Multidetector Computed Tomography Angiography (MDCTA) / Cardiac Magnetic Resonance (CMR) Angiography (optional) (number and position of the leaks, assessment of defect shape and size, regurgitation grade, LVEF, regurgitant volumes and fraction) Laboratory data (hematocrit, hemoglobin, LDH, NT-proBNP) Number of hemolysis related transfusions since last visit Assessment and documentation of any new or updated AEs/ADEs, SAEs/SADEs that may have occurred since implantation. Relevant concomitant medication (name of medication, reason, dose, dose form, route of administration, frequency, start and date) Electrocardiography (hearth rate, sinus rhythm, atrial fibrillation, other arrhythmias) Chest x-Ray (optional) QoL Assessment Data analysis and statistics Primary endpoint The primary safety endpoint is defined as the incidence of any Serious Adverse Device Effects (SADEs) including, but not limited to major cardiac arrhythmia (ventricular tachycardia/VF), procedure-related death, procedure-related stroke, rehospitalizations, systemic embolism, severe hemolysis, device embolization, infective endocarditis, prosthetic impingement, valvular regurgitation or vascular complications requiring surgery up to 1-year post-implantation, during the procedure new or worsening prothesis dysfunction, coronary obstruction, transfusion requirement, conversion to open surgery or unplanned intervention35 The primary efficacy endpoint is defined as successful implantation of the Occlutech PLD device with the recommended accessories and delivery system with effective closure of the paravalvular leak (defined as reduction in paravalvular regurgitation of ≥1 grade leak36 , presence of a residual PVL greater than mild as assessed by echocardiography post implantation) and reduction in the number of hemolysis-related transfusions assessed at 1-year post- implantation Follow-Up1,2.
Secondary endpoint Secondary safety endpoint is defined as the incidence of any Serious Adverse Device Effects (SADEs) including, but not limited to major cardiac arrhythmia (ventricular tachycardia/VF), procedure-related death, procedure-related stroke, acute kidney injury, systemic embolism, severe hemolysis, device embolization, infective endocarditis, prosthetic impingement, valvular regurgitation or bleeding/major vascular or cardiac structural complications requiring surgery from 1 year to 3-year post-implantation. This will also assess all minor complications such as transient hemolysis, vascular complications not requiring surgery, or all minor complications which are deemed relevant at the discretion of each investigator. Additionally, an assessment of all Serious Adverse Events (SAE) will be included in the analyses. Secondary efficacy endpoints refer to the variation in the data assessments from baseline to 3 years after the procedure in parameters such as, but not limited to, aortic blood pressure, pulse rate, LVFS, LDH, hematocrit, hemoglobin, regurgitation grade, NT-pro BNP value, ECG, NYHA classification and Quality of Life assessment1,2.
Secondary endpoints will be assessed:
* On day 1 to 7, Follow-Up 1
* At 30 days (±15 days), Follow-Up 2
* At 6 months to 1 year (±3 months), Follow-Up 3
* At 1-2 years (±3 months), Follow-Up 4
* At 2-3 years (±3 months), Follow-Up 5 after the procedure, following the Occlutech PLD device implantation. Additional exploratory endpoints The additional exploratory endpoint will assess the compatibility and usability of the Occlutech PLD device with the Occlutech Pistol Pusher (OPP) and the Occlutech Delivery Set (ODS) through a practitioner's questionnaire. Definition of population Full Analysis Set (safety and efficacy): All patients requiring treatment with the Occlutech PLD device, having at least one safety/efficacy assessment. Full Analysis Set (procedure): All patients belonging to the FAS (safety and efficacy), where treatment contains the accessory devices OPP and/or ODS III. Statistical analysis Continuous variables will be analyzed using descriptive statistics (numbers of observations and missing data, mean, standard deviation, median, minimum, maximum; categorical variables: frequency counts and percentages). For endpoints, two-sided 95%-confidence intervals will be reported in addition to the description.
For safety endpoints, besides the description of absolute and relative frequencies on the level of patients (patients with at least one event) and events, further statistical methods will be applied (evaluation of incidence rates). Details will be presented in the statistical analysis plan (SAP).
Interim analysis The sponsor reserves the right to perform a descriptive/administrative interim analysis at any time during the course of the registry. Safety Monitoring No additional burdensome or invasive procedures beyond the standard of care are requested by the investigational plan. However, an independent data and safety monitoring board is filed separately in the TMF. A final list will be shown in the clinical investigation / study report.
Data collection Data will be collected on electronic Case Report Forms (eCRFs). Study duration The maximum duration of each subjects' participation in this study is 3 years. It is planned to enroll up to 200 subjects in which 150 subjects will be considered as evaluable subjects (i.e. followed-up for ≥1y) is a pragmatic approach for such a study, based on the recent publication of Onorato et al.1 and 50 subjects are considered as drop-out (calculated as of 25% for the study).Based on the recent publication of Onorato et al.1 in which 144 subjects were enrolled in circa 6 years (21 sites in 10 countries), it is estimated that the planned number of subjects will be recruited within 4 years. As such, the estimated total duration of the study from first subject screened to last subject last visit is 7 years.
