Predictive Value of Carotid Ultrasonography for Intradialytic Hypotension

Exclusion Criteria

• •Patients with significant carotid artery stenosis due to heavy atherosclerotic plaque (defined as more than 70% stenosis confirmed by ultrasound or angiography).
• •Hemodynamically unstable patients or those requiring vasopressor support. Patients with significant arrhythmias (e.g., atrial fibrillation, ventricular tachycardia).
• •Dialysis sessions terminated for reasons unrelated to hypotension (e.g., technical issues, patient request).
• •Use of antihypertensive medications during dialysis sessions. Inability to undergo ultrasound assessment due to factors such as severe obesity or wounds obstructing access.
• •Patients who withdraw informed consent during the study.