Sustainable Exercise and Nutrition Programs for Managing Metabolic Disorders in Older Women

This is a multi-phase interventional study designed to evaluate the impact of sustainable dietary and physical activity programs on metabolic health, functional capacity, and quality of life in older women. The target population includes women aged 65 and older, both with and without metabolic alterations. The study comprises three phases: Phase 1 includes initial assessments and an observational comparison between healthy older women and those with metabolic alterations. Phase 2 implements three 12-week intervention programs: (1) a sustainable dietary strategy based on the Mediterranean diet, (2) a structured physical exercise program (both supervised and unsupervised), and (3) a combined intervention integrating both diet and exercise. Participants are assigned to groups based on their health status and intervention type. Phase 3 focuses on knowledge transfer through the development of practical guidelines and a digital platform to facilitate remote monitoring and promote long-term adherence to healthy behaviors. Primary and secondary outcomes include anthropometric measurements, body composition, handgrip strength, lower limb strength, walking speed, cardiovascular endurance, basal metabolic rate, blood pressure, blood biomarkers (glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides), fatigue perception, sleep quality, stress levels, emotional well-being, and health-related quality of life. Validated tools such as indirect calorimetry, digital hand dynamometers, functional capacity tests, and the SF-36 questionnaire will be employed. The results are expected to support the design of sustainable, non-pharmacological strategies for the prevention and management of metabolic disorders and functional decline in aging women.