For all participants, comprehensive data collection was performed, encompassing detailed medical histories including patients' clinical and demographic characteristics (age, gender, BMI, associated comorbidities as HTN, and DM, etiology of CKD.) Laboratory investigations were conducted at baseline and after a three-month follow-up period. These investigations included: serum uric acid., creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, calcium, phosphorus., albumin., magnesium, intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH), lipid profile (cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, HDL), urine protein to creatinine ratio. Radiological investigations: Carotid artery duplex (medial wall thickness) was also conducted at baseline and after a three-month follow-up period. Thickening of the artery wall is a hallmark of atherosclerosis and vascular calcification.
