SHort Of Pace - Heart Failure (SHOP-HF)

Inclusion Criteria

• •Stable symptomatic heart failure (NYHA functional class ≥II) during the last month.
• •Diagnosis criteria of HFpEF according to ESC guidelines:
• •1. symptoms and signs of HF.
• •2. left ventricular ejection fraction ≥50% by Simpson method.
• •3. proBNP \>125 pg/mL in the last month.
• •4. at least one additional criterion: 1. relevant structural heart disease (left ventricular hypertrophy and/or left atrial enlargement); and/or 2. Diastolic dysfunction.
• •Left ventricular hypertrophy was defined as wall thickness \> 10 mm.
• •Small ventricular volume was defined as indexed left ventricular end diastolic volume \< 45 ml/m2.
• •Adults ≥18 years old.
• •Previous admission for acute heart failure.
• •Chronotropic incompetence assessed by CPET, defined as: \[(HRmax - HRrest)\]/\[(220 - age) - (HRrest)\] \< 0.62.
• •Resting heart rate \< 65 bpm in sinus rhythm or 70 bmp in atrial fibrillation.