Evaluation of the Stress Levels of Children and Their Parents

The stress levels of the participating child and their parents were evaluated using saliva to measure the stress biomarkers.

All of the dental treatments of the enrolled children were performed under general anesthesia. The stress biomarkers, such as alpha-amylase and cortisol levels, were measured from the participating child's saliva samples at pre-operative and post-operative. Additionally, the stress levels of the mothers were evaluated by questionnaires at the beginning of the study.