A Clinical Study of YTS109 Cell in R/R Autoimmune Diseases

Background: Autoimmune diseases (AIDs) are a group of disorders in which the immune system mistakenly targets and attacks the body's own tissues, leading to tissue damage. Based on the sites of involvement, autoimmune diseases can be broadly classified into two categories: organ-specific autoimmune diseases, such as myasthenia gravis affecting the nervous system, type 1 diabetes mellitus involving the destruction of pancreatic islet cells, and autoimmune hepatitis targeting the liver; and systemic autoimmune diseases that affect multiple tissues and organs, reflecting an imbalance in the immune system, such as systemic lupus erythematosus（SLE）, Sjögren's syndrome（SS）, and systemic sclerosis（SSc）. Recently, the therapeutic advancements have been made in the management of AIDs. However, particularly the patients with relapsed/refractory, continue to face significant unmet clinical needs. CAR-T cell therapy has emerged as one of the innovative therapeutic modalities for autoimmune diseases, characterized by its controllable safety profile and durable therapeutic efficacy, warranting further clinical exploration and investigation in the future. YTS109 cell is a universal allogeneic STAR-T cell therapy targeting CD19, designed to efficiently eliminate B cells in patients with AIDs and mitigate autoimmune responses. Design: This is a Single-Center, Single-Arm, prospective exploratory clinical trial designed to evaluate the safety profile, preliminary therapeutic efficacy, and pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) characteristics of YTS109 cell therapy in patients with relapsed/refractory autoimmune diseases. Approximately 6-12 patients aged 18-65 will receive a single infusion of YTS109 cells (1.5×10⁶ cells/kg). The primary endpoint is observations of types, severity, and frequency of adverse events (AEs) and efficacy assessment. This study was approved by the IRB of Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital. (Approval Number: S2025-233-01), All participants provided written informed consent.