Project ICOPE Brazil: Assessment of Intrinsic Capacity in Brazilian Older Adults

The ICOPE Brazil study aims to understand aging trajectories in Brazil, especially healthy aging trends based on intrinsic capacity, a collective of mental and physical capacities one may have to maintain their functional ability to execute daily life activities. Tests and questionnaires will be applied to collect data on mobility capacity, cognitive capacity, nutritional status, vision, and hearing (sensorial) capacities, and mental health. These assessments are in consonance with what the World Health Organization proposed in the Integrated Care for Older People Program (ICOPE). Participants will be followed up for three years, and the primary outcomes of interest are loss of intrinsic capacity, mobility impairment, cognitive impairment, incident depressive symptoms, loss of functional ability, incident frailty, incident sarcopenia, incident falls, hospitalization, multimorbidity, and mortality.

The ICOPE Brazil study is a prospective, longitudinal cohort study designed to investigate the trajectories of aging among older adults in Brazil, with a particular emphasis on healthy aging as defined by the World Health Organization (WHO). The central conceptual framework guiding this study is "intrinsic capacity," a multidimensional construct encompassing an individual's physical and mental capacities that contribute to the maintenance of functional ability in later life. Data collection will involve the administration of standardized tests and structured questionnaires to assess five core domains of intrinsic capacity: mobility, cognitive function, nutritional status, sensory capacities (vision and hearing), and psychological well-being. These domains reflect the recommendations outlined in the WHO's Integrated Care for Older People (ICOPE) program, which aims to promote healthy aging and support the functional ability of older populations globally. Participants will be followed for a total duration of three years, with periodic assessments to monitor changes over time. The primary outcomes of interest include: decline in intrinsic capacity, mobility impairment, cognitive impairment, onset of depressive symptoms, loss of functional ability, incident frailty, incident sarcopenia, incidence of falls, hospitalizations, multimorbidity, and all-cause mortality. Data generated from this study will inform public health strategies, clinical guidelines, and policy development for aging populations in Brazil and other similar settings.