Carbohydrate Counting and Bolus Calculator Mobile Application Improves Time in Range in Adults With Type 1 Diabetes

Introduction: Accurate insulin bolusing requires advanced knowledge of carbohydrate counting and correction doses, which can be supported by mobile technology. Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of a mobile application for carbohydrate counting and bolus calculation (CHOC-BC) in adults with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Methods: This is a 12-week randomized controlled trial conducted at King Fahad Medical City. Adults with T1DM using multiple daily insulin injections and Libre flash glucose monitoring systems are randomly assigned to either the CHOC-BC intervention group or a control group receiving conventional treatment. The primary endpoint is the time in range (TIR; 70-180 mg/dL).

This is a single-center, randomized, controlled trial evaluating the effectiveness of a mobile application, CHOC-BC, designed to assist adults with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) in carbohydrate counting and insulin bolus calculation. The study is conducted at King Fahad Medical City over a 12-week period. Participants are randomized into two groups: the intervention group uses the CHOC-BC mobile app, while the control group continues with standard diabetes management practices. Participants are required to use flash glucose monitoring systems and multiple daily insulin injections. The primary outcome is the percentage of time that glucose levels remain within the target range (70-180 mg/dL), assessed using continuous glucose data. Secondary outcomes include time spent in hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia, changes in body weight, and user engagement with the application. The study seeks to determine whether digital support tools can improve glycemic outcomes and simplify self-management among adults with T1DM.