Comparative Analysis of Heart Rate Variability in Patients with Cervical Pain, Lumbar Pain, and Healthy Controls

Inclusion Criteria

• •\- Adults aged between 18 and 65 years.
• •For the chronic low back pain group:
• •Diagnosis of chronic neck or low back pain lasting at least three months.
• •A minimum pain intensity of 3/10 on the Numerical Pain Rating Scale (NPRS).
• •For the healthy group:
• •Absence of any chronic or acute pathology.
• •No regular medication that could alter autonomic nervous system function.
• •No episodes of low back pain in the past six months.