Mohamed Kamal Omar

CONTACT

Lead Sponsor

Menoufia University

Age

18 - 70 years

Sex

ALL

Healthy Volunteers

No

•Diagnosis: Radiologically confirmed renal stones (e.g., CT, ultrasound, or X-ray).
•Stone size within a specific range (e.g., 5-20 mm).
•Indication for Treatment: patients indicated for flexible ureteroscopy due to renal stones.
•Anatomical Suitability: normal or mildly altered renal anatomy that allows safe use of the access sheath.
•Willingness to participate and provide written informed consent.

•\- Medical Conditions: Active urinary tract infection (UTI) or sepsis. Coagulopathy or inability to discontinue anticoagulation therapy. Significant comorbidities (e.g., severe cardiopulmonary disease). Pregnancy: Pregnant or breastfeeding individuals.
•Anatomical or Surgical Factors:
•Severe ureteral stricture or obstruction preventing sheath placement. Congenital abnormalities affecting the urinary tract. - Stone Factors: Stones larger than the sheath's operational limit (e.g., \>20 mm). Multiple stones in different calyces that cannot be accessed in one session.
•\- Previous Treatment: Recent (\<6 weeks) or repeated interventions for the same stones (e.g., prior lithotripsy or ureteroscopy).