Effects of Light vs. Heavy Paraffin Oil on Embryo Culture in IVF: A Prospective Study on Development and Pregnancy Rate

Exclusion Criteria

• •Presence of severe uterine abnormalities (e.g., congenital malformations, Asherman's syndrome).
• •History of recurrent implantation failure (≥3 unsuccessful IVF attempts).
• •Poor ovarian response (e.g., ≤3 oocytes retrieved in a previous IVF cycle).
• •Presence of severe male factor infertility, requiring testicular sperm extraction (TESE) or micro-TESE.
• •Use of pre-implantation genetic testing (PGT) for embryo selection.
• •Known autoimmune disorders or uncontrolled chronic conditions (e.g., diabetes, thyroid disorders) that may affect pregnancy outcomes.
• •Participation in another clinical trial that may interfere with study outcomes.
• •Donor cycles or surrogacy.