Intercostal Nerve Block for Pain Management After Uniportal Video-assisted Thoracoscopic Surgeries

The main questions this clinical trial aims to answer are: 1. To study post-VATS complications, such as: postoperative air leak, post-operative pain, hypoxemia, atelectasis, bleeding, wound infection, pneumonia, Deep Vein Thrombosis, pulmonary embolism and their association with the different approaches of ICNBs. 2. To address the cost-effectiveness of the intercostal nerve block approaches. 3. To study the participants' level of satisfaction after VATS following each procedure of ICNB. 4. To address the relationships between the intercostal nerve block approaches and participants' characteristics such as age, gender, BMI, medical and surgical history, smoking, and alcohol history. This study is a randomized controlled trial that will take place at Al-Ahli Hospital and Saint Joseph Hospital. The trial will involve 90 participants, who will be randomly assigned to three groups. Of these, group 1 will include 30 participants who'll receive an internal intercostal nerve block, group 2: 30 participants will receive an external intercostal block, and group 3 are the 30 participants who will have an intercostal catheter inserted. Data will be collected from the participants' themselves through a questionnaire before the surgery. The participants will be followed up after the surgery (3, 6, 24 hours post-operatively) in order to obtain the numerical rating scale. A written informed consent will be sought. Data Analysis will be done through International Business Machines (IBM) Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) for Windows Version 16.