history of asthma or current lung disease (exception: solitary nodules), respiratory failure

use of inhaled or oral steroids in the 3 months prior to the study,

infection of the respiratory tract or exacerbation in the 3 months prior the study

uncontrolled comorbidities such as: systemic connective tissue diseases, malignancy, uncontrolled cardiovascular diseases, chronic paranasal sinusitis,

contraindications to sputum induction

Evaluation of Immunological, Microbiological and Metabolomic Profiles in COPD

What this study is about