Effect of Virtual Reality Immersion on Patient's Anxiety During Pre-oxygenation Before General Anaesthesia

Exclusion Criteria

• •Lacking capacity or ability to complete the consent form and/or questionnaire and interview method and/or incapacity to respond to the required obligations linked to the study protocol (assessed by the operator)
• •Known cognitive dysfunction, previous history of neurological/psychiatric disease like epilepsy
• •Depression or anxiety under treatment
• •Non-Italian speaking patients
• •Anticipated difficult airway management
• •Injuries to the head/face that would prohibit wearing headsets
• •Active nasal bleeding or occlusion, nasal abnormality or recent nasal trauma, recent nasal surgery, significant raised intracranial pressure and base of skull fractures
• •Any pre-operative premedication, including pharmacological premedication
• •Rapid sequence induction
• •Haemodynamic instability
• •Infectious skin conditions on the head/face
• •Undrained pneumothorax
• •Contact isolation due to bacteria and viruses
• •Symptoms of vertigo or motion sickness
• •Reduced visual or auditory acuity
• •BMI \> 35 kg/m2
• •Pregnancy
• •Claustrophobia
• •Pre-existing hypoxemia (baseline oxygen saturation \< 92% when breathing room air)
• •Need for an arterial line before general anaesthesia induction