Comparison of Standard Versus High Dose Urokinase for Dysfunctional Tunneled Dialysis Catheters in Haemodialysis Patients: a Randomized Controlled Trial

Exclusion Criteria

• •Catheters eligible for the study include:
• •(i) Incident catheters that have never received urokinase; including newly inserted catheters for previously enrolled patients are allowed.
• •(ii) Prevalent catheters that have not received urokinase for the last 6 months
• •Patients with TDC non-function, defined as no inflow and outflow from both arterial and venous ports upon catheter testing.
• •Patients with contraindications to Urokinase including active internal bleeding; recent cerebrovascular accident (\< 2 months); recent intracranial or intraspinal surgery (\< 2 months); intracranial neoplasm, aneurysm or arteriovenous malformation; recent trauma, including cardiopulmonary resuscitation; recent gastrointestinal bleeding (\<2 months); known bleeding diathesis; severe uncontrolled hypertension; known hypersensitivity to Urokinase or any ingredient present in its formulation.
• •Pregnancy.
• •Tunneled dialysis catheter-related blood stream infection