* In a patient with SLE, patients who fulfill the criteria of the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) and European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR).
* In patients with LN, patients whose diagnosis is confirmed by kidney biopsy and pathohistological verification (WHO classification, and the International Society of Nephrology/Renal Pathology Society (ISN/RPS) classification.
You may not be if
Patients with other autoimmune rheumatological diseases, lymphoproliferative disorders, malignancies, liver diseases, end-stage kidney disease, diabetic nephropathy, active infections, recent history of blood transfusion and patients with deficiencies in vitamin B12, folate, and iron are excluded from the study.
