Aerobic Exercise-induced Effect on Endothelial Function in Patients With Ischaemic Heart Disease

Exclusion Criteria

• •Use of walking assistive devices.
• •Treatment with chemotherapy for any type of cancer in the past 2 years.
• •Hospitalisation in an intensive care unit in the past 6 months for reasons other than the ischaemic event.
• •Acute myocardial infarction group IV Killip-Kimball.
• •Obesity grade III (≥40.0 kg/m²).
• •Medical contraindication for inclusion in an exercise programme.
• •Diabetes with uncontrolled blood glucose levels.
• •Poorly controlled hypertension: resting blood pressure \> 180/110 mmHg.
• •Chest pain with exertion or ST-segment changes suggestive of residual ischemia during ergometry. Residual ischemia.
• •Severely reduced functional capacity on initial ergometry (\<5 metabolic equivalent of task).
• •Left ventricular ejection fraction less than 50%.
• •Severe stenosis of the left main coronary artery (\>50% significant disease).
• •Severe aortic stenosis, left ventricular outflow tract obstruction (e.g., obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy) or aortic dissection.
• •Severe valvulopathy.
• •Acute pulmonary embolism or deep vein thrombosis.
• •Severe pulmonary hypertension.
• •Acute heart failure.
• •Acute endocarditis, myocarditis, or pericarditis.
• •Acute or chronic renal insufficiency (estimated glomerular filtration rate \<30 ml/min).
• •Pulmonary fibrosis or interstitial disease (severe respiratory insufficiency or confirmed chronic obstructive pulmonary disease).
• •Uncontrolled cardiac arrhythmias/hemodynamically unstable.
• •Permanent or persistent/paroxysmal atrial fibrillation with episodes in the past 6 months.
• •High-grade cardiac block.
• •Presence of implantable devices: cardiac resynchronization therapy pacemaker, implantable cardioverter defibrillators, or pacemaker.
• •Presence of ischaemic symptoms during the incremental exercise test performed before the intervention.
• •Severe autonomic or peripheral neuropathy.
• •Use of nitrates in pharmacological treatment.
• •Any planned surgical or medical intervention during the study period.
• •Plans to participate in or current participation in other studies that may interfere with this study.
• •Current pregnancy or intention to become pregnant during the study period.