The Manual Vacuum Aspiration (MVA) procedure consists of extracting residual or retained tissues from the uterine cavity through a cannula connected to a portable aspirator that creates a manual vacuum. It is characterized for being simple, safe, effective and accepted by patients, since it is economical, fast and does not require hospitalization in comparison to "Instrumental Uterine Curettage".
Worldwide, abnormal uterine bleeding, endometrial thickening and abortion are considered a public health problem. These conditions put women's lives at risk and because of this, the manual vacuum aspiration technique (MVA) was developed to provide more humane care to women who come to hospitals for incomplete abortions. MVA uses flexible plastic hoses (Karman) of various sizes (4 to 12 mm). It can be adapted to the woman's needs, eliminating the need to dilate the cervix.
Among the important points to consider for the performance of this protocol is pain management, which, in a standardized way, is treated with paracervical block with local anesthesia, which is an effective method for pain management and should be part of all vacuum aspiration procedures. This, considering that about 97% of women who undergo it report pain during and after the procedure. Therefore, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are also widely used 30 minutes prior to the procedure.
In a Swedish study of 200 patients who underwent MVA for incomplete abortion and uterine size less than eight weeks gestation, patients were allowed to choose between general anesthesia or paracervical block. Of the 37 patients who chose MVA with paracervical block, none requested conversion to general anesthesia. Therefore, it can be deduced that there are satisfactory results with paracervical block.
Studies in Latin America have shown that Manual Vacuum Aspiration is a safe technique, clinically effective, fast, with less blood loss and less painful than LUI. Mexico and Colombia are two of the countries that use this technique the most, since it has been shown to be less associated with complications, such as uterine perforation, hemorrhage, infections and traumatic injuries that may exist in comparison with instrumental curettage. In several studies, the effectiveness of MVA has been shown to be greater than 98%.
It should be noted that MVA has proven to be a highly effective and safe procedure, even at the first level of care. Most women recover within a few hours.
In Honduras, the Women's Rights Center describes MVA as a considerable alternative to curettage, because it is safer and just as effective, without the need for general anesthesia, and can be performed in healthcare settings that are not strictly hospitals, for example, in health centers, if trained professionals are available. This allows the optimization of limited resources and a significant increase in women's access to treatment services. It is worth mentioning that the recovery period is shorter, so there is a substantial saving in the occupation of beds and hospital supplies and the time of incapacity is reduced in each patient.
MVA is considered by both the WHO and FIGO to be modern, versatile, safe and effective as long as the personnel trained in this medical technique and the correct equipment are available.
Pain management is an important aspect to consider when carrying out this procedure, which is why this study has special relevance, since, in our country, it constitutes one of the main treatment options for several gynecological-obstetric conditions, as it is a cost-effective tool that optimizes available resources. To know if there is any change when using topical lidocaine vs. placebo in a double-blind study, this, as a coadjuvant to standardized management, would significantly broaden the perspective and the knowledge we have about this practice, giving the possibility of improving the quality of the service offered by the hospital centers, by knowing the reality regarding the patient's perception of pain and being able to offer new analgesia alternatives or also, it is possible to contemplate the possibility of reducing costs in the performance of the procedure. Therefore, we consider that it would be very useful to obtain the results of this research, in addition to the fact that there are no related studies in the region.
