Lead Sponsor

Riphah International University

Age

45 - 75 years

Sex

ALL

Healthy Volunteers

No

•Participants must be between 45 to 70 years old
•Gender: Male and Female both
•Chronic, mild-to moderate, and stable (\>1 year duration) hypertension (systolic blood pressure
•\[SBP\] between 140-179 mm Hg and diastolic blood pressure \[DBP\] between 90-109 mm Hg).
•Single antihypertensive medication will be recruited.
•Participants have sedentary life style.
•Smokers, alcoholic, diabetic, and other cardiac problems (controlled) would be included.

•Patients with Permanent atrial fibrillation
•Patients with COPD
•Patients with Heart surgery
•Patients with presence of symptomatic congestive heart failure
•Smokers, alcoholic, diabetic, and other cardiac, renal, and respiratory disease patients (uncontrolled) would be excluded.
•Participants with no history of psychiatry or psychological disorders or abnormalities.

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