Effectiveness of Stability Ball Training, Dead Bug Exercises, and Their Combination on Reducing Specific Low Back Pain

Inclusion Criteria

• •participants aged 30 to 50 years with a specific diagnosis of acute lumbar radiculopathy lasting less than three months but severe enough to impair daily activities were included in the study.
• •They were required to provide informed consent and agree to adhere to the study procedures,
• •including attending sessions and completing evaluations. Eligibility was limited to those without other physical conditions, such as joint replacements or fractures,
• •that could interfere with the ability to perform stability ball or dead bug exercises. Individuals who had participated in similar therapeutic exercises, such as stability ball training or core strengthening, within the last six months were excluded to ensure the results reflected the intervention's impact rather than prior training effects.