PRF Membrane and Recovery After Periapical Surgery: A 3D Imaging Study

Exclusion Criteria

• •Patients with systemic conditions affecting healing, such as:
• •* • Uncontrolled diabetes mellitus.
• •* • Autoimmune disorders.
• •* • Chronic inflammatory diseases.
• •Pregnant or breastfeeding individuals.
• •Use of medications or therapies that may interfere with healing, including:
• •* • Bisphosphonates.
• •* • Immunosuppressants.
• •* • Radiotherapy.
• •* • Oncological therapies (e.g., chemotherapy, immunotherapy).
• •Requires antibiotic prophylaxis or therapy.
• •History of allergies or adverse reactions to blood-derived products.
• •Neuropsychiatric disorders.
• •Active infection or severe periodontal disease in the surgical area.
• •Periodontal probing depths greater than 5 mm.
• •Moderate to severe periodontal bone loss.
• •Vertical root fractures.
• •Perforation of the furcation area or root canal, except for the apical area.
• •Smokers or individuals unwilling to refrain from smoking during the study period.
• •Participation in another clinical trial within the last 30 days.
• •Absolute or relative contraindications for surgery.