1. pathologically confirmed CRC with measurable disease per Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST, version 1.1)20;

2. definite pathological or radiological evidence of recurrent or distant metastasis;

3. received at least 2 courses of ICIs;

4. confirmed as dMMR by immunohistochemical method or MSI-H by polymerase chain reaction or next-generation sequencing;

5. receiving therapeutic surgical treatment for residual lesions or tumor sites and achieving no evidence of disease (NED) ;

6. no progression within the duration of preoperative ICIs

Surgery Following Immune Checkpoint Inhibitions for Controlled Disease in Recurrent or Metastatic dMMR/MSI-H Colorectal Cancer