2. Have a radiograph-based diagnosis of degenerative disc disease, spondylolisthesis, spinal trauma (i.e., fracture or dislocation), spinal stenosis, or deformity (i.e., scoliosis, kyphosis, and/or lordosis), spinal tumor, or pseudoarthrosis/failed fusion.
3. Pathology of the thoracolumbar or sacral spine.
4. Patients requiring fusion of 1-3 levels
5. Patients receiving the surgery/devices as standard of care prescribed by the treating physician.
You may not be if
1. Patients \< 18 years
2. Patients with a cervical spine pathology
3. Patients with spinal tumors
4. Patients with bone density (DEXA) scores \< 2.0 will be excluded.
5. Current smokers and patients who quit smoking within 6 weeks prior to presentation will be excluded.
6. Patients with a BMI \> 40kg/m2
7. Patients requiring fusion for more than 3 levels will be excluded
