Risk Factors Identification of Sepsis and Septic Shock After Major Abdominal Surgery Based on Artificial Intelligence

Exclusion Criteria

• •1\. Pregnancy-related surgeries (cesarean section, abortion surgery). 2. Patients with known preoperative infection or suspected infection. 3. Severely malnourished patients (BMI reference values are 17 kg/m² for patients \< 70 years old and 17.8 kg/m² for patients \> 70 years old).
• •4\. Patients who have previously undergone abdominal surgery. 5. Patients without sufficient data, including demographic variables (such as age, gender), surgical details (surgery duration, surgical grade, anesthesia grade, anesthesia duration), and hospitalization details (such as ICU stay, in-hospital mortality).