Trajectories of Change in Tourette Syndrome

Inclusion Criteria

• •1. Presence of chronic motor and/or vocal tics, defined as tics for at least 1 year without a tic-free period of more than 3 consecutive months. Tics must not be due to a medical condition or the direct physiological effects of a substance.
• •2. At least moderate tic severity, defined as a Yale Global Tic Severity Scale44 total score ≥14 (≥9 for those with motor or vocal tics only).
• •3. Participants must be fluent in English to ensure comprehension of study measures and instructions.