Study on the Efficacy and Safety of Thermotherapy in the Treatment of Refractory Gout

Exclusion Criteria

• •1. Acute gout flare within 2 weeks prior to screening;
• •2. Secondary gout due to hematological diseases, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, renal failure, or medications (e.g., diuretics such as furosemide, torsemide, hydrochlorothiazide, aspirin, niacin \[vitamin B3\], antituberculosis drugs, immunosuppressants such as cyclosporine);
• •3. Other secondary joint pain (e.g., joint pain caused by rheumatoid arthritis or systemic lupus erythematosus) or joint pain of unknown cause;
• •4. Patients with cardiac, pulmonary, hepatic, or renal insufficiency; active tuberculosis; mental illness or consciousness disorders;
• •5. Patients with bone marrow hematopoietic insufficiency; leukemia; a tendency for major bleeding; or a history of malignant tumors;
• •6. Polyarticular gouty arthritis involving more than four joints;
• •7. Presence or suspicion of active or recurrent bacterial, fungal, or viral infections, including tuberculosis, HIV, or hepatitis B or C infections;
• •8. Allergy to the study drugs; patients with heat insensitivity;
• •9. Patients currently using mercaptopurine or azathioprine; patients taking CYP3A4 inhibitors or P-gp inhibitors;
• •10. Major surgery within the last 3 months or unhealed surgical wounds;
• •11. Presence of stents or metal implants;
• •12. Local skin lesions or infections;
• •13. Pregnant or breastfeeding women.