Human Papillomavirus Association and Genomic Exploration in Head-Neck Squamous Cell Carcinomas

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) represents Bangladesh's significant public health challenge. According to GLOBACAN data, these cancers are among the most prevalent malignancies in the country, with a considerable impact on morbidity and mortality rates. Several factors contribute to the high incidence of HNSCC in Bangladesh, including prevalent tobacco and betel nut chewing habits, poor oral hygiene practices, oncogenic viruses such as human papillomavirus (HPV), and limited access to healthcare facilities for early detection and treatment. In recent years, the incidence of HPV-associated HNSCC has been on the rise, posing a significant health concern globally. HPV16 and HPV18 have been strongly linked to the development of HNSCC. The global surge of HPV-associated HNSCC necessitates further investigation, particularly in regions like Bangladesh. By addressing these critical areas, this research has the potential to improve public health outcomes in Bangladesh significantly. The main goal of this observational study is to explore the prevalence, risk factors, and biological mechanisms underlying food habits and HPV-driven HNSCC in the Bangladeshi population. Additionally, the study aims to identify the gene expression changes related to these factors. At first, the HNSCC samples will be detected through histopathology analysis, followed by nucleic acid extraction from the carcinoma-positive samples. Subsequently, molecular screening will be conducted alongside an assessment of patient histories. Based on the results from the molecular screening, immunohistochemistry will be performed on both HPV-positive and HPV-negative HNSCC samples to assess carcinoma-related protein expression. Finally, a comprehensive cancer omics analysis will be conducted after obtaining the sequencing data. Understanding these aspects is crucial for developing targeted prevention strategies, including HPV vaccination campaigns and public health education initiatives on high-risk sexual behavior.