Probiotics in the Prevention of Recurrent Prosthetic Joint Infection of the Hip and Knee

The primary and secondary aims for this RCT are: Primary Aim 1.1 To determine the impact of administration of probiotics administered for 6 weeks after the index surgical treatment for PJI on reinfection rates (deep infection) within 1 year following revision TJA for PJI in each of the treatment arms (probiotics and standard of care). Secondary Aims 2.1 To evaluate the incidence of superficial infections including wound drainage, cellulitis, or infections superficial to the deep fascia within 1 year following revision TJA for PJI in each of the treatment arms (probiotics and standard of care). 2.2 To evaluate the safety of use of probiotics in this population and to monitor the incidence of adverse events in patients administered probiotics versus standard of care in patients undergoing treatment for PJI. 2.3 To evaluate the 1-year mortality rate in patients undergoing revision TJA for PJI in each of treatment arms (probiotics and standard of care). 2.4 To evaluate the rate of wound healing and dehiscence in patients undergoing revision TJA for PJI in each of treatment arms (probiotics and standard of care). 2.5 To evaluate the need for chronic antibiotic suppression for the treatment of PJI at final follow-up of one year following revision TJA for PJI in each of the treatment arms (probiotics and standard of care). 2.6 To evaluate the rate of infection with Clostridium difficile within 90 days of finishing antibiotic therapy in each of the treatment arms (probiotics and standard of care). The risk of developing C. difficile infection is present for 90 days following cessation of antibiotic treatment.