Predictive Model Identifies Painful Sedation-free Colonoscopy

Exclusion Criteria

• •1. Patients under 18 years old.
• •2. Patients who are unwilling or unable to provide informed consent.
• •3. Patients with malignant diseases, severe chronic heart or lung diseases, or those who have received treatment or radiation therapy for coronary artery or cerebrovascular events requiring hospitalization in the past 3 months.
• •4. Patients with a history of colorectal resection or those with an incomplete colon.
• •5. Patients who do not require reaching the ileocecal valve.
• •6. Patients who have not completed bowel preparation or who have only used enemas for bowel cleaning.
• •7. Patients with severe bowel obstruction or bowel perforation.
• •8. Pregnant or breastfeeding women. -