Age ≥18 years as of study index date

With renal function measured as either of the following:

* At least 1 UACR measure of ≥30 mg/g; OR

* At least 2 eGFR measures taken ≥90 days apart, of which both eGFR is ≤75 ml/min/1.73m2 ; OR

registered with Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) diagnosis in the medical history (without biochemical confirmation)

OPTIMISE-CKD Study_current Clinical Landscape in Spain