Cardiometabolic Benefit of Reducing Iatrogenic Hyperinsulinemia Using Insulin Adjunctive Therapy in Type 1 Diabetes

Exclusion Criteria

• •Comorbidities:
• •Any hospital admissions for diabetic ketoacidosis in the past 6 months
• •SBP greater than 140 mmHg and DBP greater than 100 mmHg
• •eGFR by MDRD equation of less than 60 mL/min/1.73 m²
• •AST or ALT greater than 2.5 times ULN
• •Hct less than 35%
• •Medications:
• •Any antioxidant vitamin supplement within 2 weeks before the study
• •Any systemic glucocorticoid
• •Antipsychotics
• •Atenolol, Metoprolol, Propranolol
• •Niacin
• •Any thiazide diuretic
• •Any oral contraceptive pill with greater than 35 mcg ethinyl estradiol
• •Growth hormone
• •Any immunosuppressant
• •Antihypertensive
• •Any antihyperlipidemic
• •Other:
• •Pregnancy
• •Tanner stage less than 5
• •Peri- or post-menopausal women
• •Active smoker
• •T1DM Participants:
• •Medications: Any diabetes medication except insulin C-peptide: greater than 0.7 ng/mL (fasting)
• •GCK-MODY Participants:
• •None specific