Study on the Intervention of Mindfulness-integrated Volleyball Course

The study will focus on a non-clinical population of college students, using an exploratory parallel randomized controlled trial design. Based on the inclusion criteria, participants will be allocated to the experimental group and control group according to their registration time. The experimental group will receive the mindfulness-integrated volleyball program, while the control group will participate in a regular volleyball program. The intervention will last for a total of 16 weeks, with sessions held once a week for 120 minutes each. Relevant assessments will be conducted at two time points: on the day before the intervention, and on the last day of the intervention. Primary indicators: Youth version of the Patient Health Questionnaire, Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale. Secondary indicators: Insomnia Severity Index, Self-Efficacy Scale, Positive and Negative Affect Scale, Life Satisfaction Scale, Self-Esteem Scale, Self-Compassion Scale, Loneliness Scale, Social Anxiety Scale, Perceived Social Support Scale. All of the above indicators will be measured using the corresponding questionnaires at two time points: T1 pre-test (before the start), T2 after 16 weeks of intervention, for a total of two assessments. Inclusion criteria: (1) Participants aged ≥16 years; (2) Able to communicate in Mandarin and willing to voluntarily participate in this study; (3) Agree to consistently attend each mindfulness-integrated volleyball session. Exclusion criteria: (1) Individuals with language communication barriers or unwilling to cooperate in this study; (2) Individuals unable to commit to attending each mindfulness-integrated volleyball session.