Robot-assisted Laparoscopic Partial Nephrectomy Via the Extraperitoneal Approach in the Prone Position Versus the Lateral Position

Exclusion Criteria

• •1. . Patients who did not meet the indications for partial nephrectomy and did not undergo robotic-assisted laparoscopic partial nephrectomy via extraperitoneal approach;
• •2. . Patients who refuse to undergo or cannot tolerate surgery in the appropriate position;
• •3. . Patients with incomplete documentation of relevant data to provide accurate demographic, perioperative, and prognostic data;
• •4. . Any condition which, in the opinion of the investigator, may be detrimental to the subject or result in the inability of the subject to meet or perform the requirements of the study;
• •5. . Patients who are unable to provide written informed consent;