Efficacy of Semi-rigid Ureteroscopic Laser Lithotripsy in the Treatment of Proximal Ureteral Stones: a Randomized Controlled Trial

Exclusion Criteria

• •1. Unable to give informed consent;
• •2. Untreated urinary tract infection;
• •3. Pregnant women;
• •4. Known anatomical abnormalities (such as urinary diversion or ureteral stenosis);
• •5. Urothelial tumors, transplanted kidney stones, irreversible coagulopathy;
• •6. The semi-rigid ureteroscope cannot reach the stone site, ureteroscopy-negative stones, and stones can be removed directly without laser lithotripsy;
• •7. The researchers believe that they are not suitable for participation in this study.