Non-invasive vs Invasive Cardiac Output Monitoring During Cesarean Section

The uterine placenta lacks autonomous regulatory ability, thus making maternal cardiac output (CO) the primary source of blood supply. Therefore, monitoring hemodynamics, including maternal CO, is of significant importance and provides guidance for anesthesia decisions such as fluid management and the administration of vasopressors during cesarean section. This study aims to evaluate the consistency of hemodynamic monitoring between NICAP and NICCO technologies (T20A; Chongqing, China) and the traditional pulse wave analysis method (EV1000; USA).