Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most common inflammatory disease of the central nervous system in young adults that may lead to progressive disability. Since pharmacological treatments may have substantial side effects, there is a need for complementary treatment options such as specific dietary approaches. Ketone bodies that are produced during fasting diets (FDs) and ketogenic diets (KDs) are an alternative and presumably more efficient energy source for the brain.Ketogenic diets (KDs) are high-fat, low-carbohydrate diets that mimic a fasting state. KDs create a metabolic shift from glycolytic energy production toward oxidative phosphorylation energetics by using fatty acids as a primary source of energy. As these fatty acids undergo beta-oxidation, ketones are produced. This increase in oxidative phosphorylation coupled with ketone production modifies the tri carboxylic acid cycle to limit reactive oxygen species generation. In addition, ketone bodies transported across the blood-brain barrier up regulate antioxidant pathway genes (particularly via the Nrf2 pathway) and boost energy production in brain tissue.sixty-four subjects with MS, ranged from 18-50 years. will be selected randomly divided into two groups each group consists of thirty-two subjects; experimental group (modified ketogenic diet+ aerobic exercise) and control group (aerobic exercise).
