This trial is a retrospective, observational study based on real-world data obtained from the Health Information System (HIS) of Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine. Patients who underwent surgical resection of the pancreas for non-metastatic pancreatic cancer between 2016 and 2022 were selected and divided into two groups according to with (study arm) or without (control arm) nimotuzumab. The primary efficacy endpoint was overall survival (OS).