Patients With Low Cardiac Output Syndrome Undergoing Local Dental Anesthesia

Exclusion Criteria

• •Patients with a ventricular assist device such as an intra-aortic balloon implanted less than 24 hours after the dental procedure or with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO);
• •Using other inotropes;
• •On mechanical ventilation;
• •Continuously using a non-invasive ventilation mask;
• •In septic shock;
• •Presence of acute myocardial infarction \<30 days;
• •Patients with terminal non-cardiac disease, cyanotic congenital heart disease or cardiomyopathies with arrhythmogenic potential (arrhythmogenic dysplasia, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, non-compacted myocardium);
• •Pregnant women;
• •History of sudden death recovered \< 1 month ago;
• •In the recent postoperative period of cardiac surgery (5 days);
• •Allergic to sodium bisulfite and methylparaben, preservatives of epinephrine and the anesthetic cartridge, respectively.