Acute Physiological Responses to Twice Daily Blood Flow Restriction Training

Exclusion Criteria

• •Any medical contraindication related to BFR\*.
• •Any current lower-limb musculoskeletal injury
• •Restricted range of movement. i.e. Chronically locked knee or fixed flexion deformity.
• •Any physical impairment or co-morbidities (including cardio-vascular disease) precluding the safe participation in the intervention and/or assessment procedures
• •Non-musculoskeletal or serious pathological condition (i.e. Inflammatory arthropathy, infection or tumour).
• •Use of any medication which may contraindicate the performance of BFR or influence blood biomarkers of EIMD or inflammation.
• •Use of any performance enhancing supplements or ergogenic aids such as creatine monohydrate.
• •Any individual who is known to be currently pregnant
• •History of cardiovascular disease (hypertension, peripheral vascular disease, thrombosis/embolism, ischaemic heart disease, myocardial infarction).
• •History of the following musculoskeletal disorders: rheumatoid arthritis, avascular necrosis or osteonecrosis, severe osteoarthritis.
• •History of the following neurological disorders: Peripheral neuropathy, Alzheimer's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, severe traumatic brain injury.
• •Varicose veins in the lower-limb.
• •Acute viral or bacterial upper or lower respiratory infection at screening.
• •Known or suspected lower limb chronic exertional compartment syndrome (tourniquet raises intra-compartmental muscle pressure).
• •Postsurgical swelling.
• •Surgical insertion of metal components at the position of cuff inflation.
• •History of any of the following conditions or disorders not previously listed: diabetes, active cancer.
• •History of elevated risk of unexplained fainting or dizzy spells during physical activity/exercise that causes loss of balance
• •Increased risk of haemorrhagic stroke, exercise induced rhabdomyolysis.